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Definition of Agricultural chemicals

Agricultural chemicals (English name is Agrochemicals or agrichemicals), is the general name for chemicals used in agriculture, to support the growth and safety of plants and crops. Agricultural chemicals are produced to protect agricultural crops from pests and increase crop yields. It is a costly input to agriculture.

Classification of agricultural chemicals

In most cases, when talking about agricultural chemicals, people usually refer to pesticides. Common industrial chemicals include pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, rat poisons and insecticides. Agricultural chemicals also include fertilizers and soil conditioners

- Pesticide: A pesticide is a chemical or substance used to kill or control certain types of plants or organisms also known as pests, which are harmful to crops or animals. Pesticides mainly work through pests.
- Insecticide: Used to kill insects. Insecticides can be ovicides to kill eggs, larvicides to kill larvae. Examples of pesticides: Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids.
- Herbicides: Used to control or destroy weeds. Examples of herbicides: Gramoxone and glyphosate.
- Fungicides: Used to control fungi and oomycetes. Example of a fungicide: Mankocide.
- Algacides: Used to control algae. The English name is called algicides.
- Rodenticide: Used to prevent the spread of rodents such as rats.
- Molluscicide: Used to control molluscs such as snails.
- Nematicides: Used to control or kill nematodes. For example: Furadan.
- Fertilizers: These are chemical compounds used to promote plant growth. They are used to replenish nutrients in the soil. Usually, it is applied to soil or plant tissue. Fertilizers can be classified into two types: organic and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are naturally occurring substances that are prepared through natural processes. Inorganic fertilizers, also known as synthetic fertilizers are produced artificially using chemical processes using natural, chemically modified deposits.
- Soil conditioner: To keep all types of soil in good condition, the best thing to do is add things that keep it in good condition. These good things called soil conditioners include manure, manure, peat, manure and leaves. All these are placed on the ground and then mixed. Soil conditioner enhances aeration and water holding capacity of the soil.
- Liming and acidifying agents: Soil can sometimes be too acidic or too alkaline for proper plant growth. In these cases, liming and acidifying products are added to the soil to adjust its pH. When the soil is too acidic, calcite in the form of powdered limestone is mainly added, whereas in more alkaline soils sulfur compounds are added for neutralization.

Effects of Agricultural Chemicals

Although agrochemicals were initially used to improve the health of crops, the overuse of these chemicals has now begun to affect the environment in many ways. Excessive use of these chemicals creates residues that cause nutritional imbalance and reduce crop productivity.

Impact on land

- Can destroy beneficial bacteria
- Increases nitrate levels in the soil
- Change soil pH
- Destroy land creatures
- Toxicity and reduced soil quality

Impact on water

- Water becomes unfit for consumption
- Can promote algae growth
- Leads to eutrophication due to excessive chemicals
- Effects on aquatic animals due to water pollution

Affects the air

- Residues and particles of these chemicals can lead to air pollution.
- Pesticide drift occurs when the air carries chemical particles from one place to another.
- More evaporation can occur due to low relative humidity and higher temperatures.
- Effects on surrounding organisms People's health due to inhalation of polluted air.

Affects human health

- It causes many health effects, from simple skin and eye irritation.
- It also affects the nervous system, causing cancer and reproductive problems.
- Can cause nerve damage, infertility, hormonal disorders and neurotoxicity.

Source: Internet